Consumo percápita 2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5785363/figure/pbi12848-fig-0002/
. 2018 Jan;16(1):4-17.
doi: 10.1111/pbi.12848. Epub 2017 Nov 19.
Cacao Biotechnology: Current Status and Future Prospects
Affiliations
- PMID: 28985014
- PMCID: PMC5785363
- DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12848
Affiliations
- PMID: 28985014
- PMCID: PMC5785363
- DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12848
Abstract
Theobroma cacao-The Food of the Gods, provides the raw material for the multibillion dollar chocolate industry and is also the main source of income for about 6 million smallholders around the world. Additionally, cocoa beans have a number of other nonfood uses in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Specifically, the potential health benefits of cocoa have received increasing attention as it is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. At present, the demand for cocoa and cocoa-based products in Asia is growing particularly rapidly and chocolate manufacturers are increasing investment in this region. However, in many Asian countries, cocoa production is hampered due to many reasons including technological, political and socio-economic issues. This review provides an overview of the present status of global cocoa production and recent advances in biotechnological applications for cacao improvement, with special emphasis on genetics/genomics, in vitro embryogenesis and genetic transformation. In addition, in order to obtain an insight into the latest innovations in the commercial sector, a survey was conducted on granted patents relating to T. cacao biotechnology.
Keywords: Theobroma cacao; breeding; chocolate; genetics; genomics; somatic embryogenesis; transformation.
© 2017 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Theobroma cacao-The Food of the Gods, proporciona la materia prima para la industria del chocolate multimillonaria y también es la principal fuente de ingresos para unos 6 millones de pequeños productores en todo el mundo. Además, los granos de cacao tienen otros usos no alimentarios en las industrias farmacéutica y cosmética. Específicamente, los beneficios potenciales para la salud del cacao han recibido una atención creciente, ya que es rico en polifenoles, particularmente flavonoides. En la actualidad, la demanda de cacao y productos a base de cacao en Asia está creciendo particularmente rápido y los fabricantes de chocolate están aumentando la inversión en esta región. Sin embargo, en muchos países asiáticos, la producción de cacao se ve obstaculizada debido a muchas razones, incluidas cuestiones tecnológicas, políticas y socioeconómicas. Esta revisión proporciona una visión general del estado actual de la producción mundial de cacao y los avances recientes en aplicaciones biotecnológicas para la mejora del cacao, con especial énfasis en la genética / genómica, la embriogénesis in vitro y la transformación genética. Además, para obtener una idea de las últimas innovaciones en el sector comercial, se realizó una encuesta sobre patentes otorgadas relacionadas con la biotecnología de T. cacao.
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Blog Investiga Innova Cacao Chocolate, creado por los actores de la Cadena de Cacao y Chocolate, ahora sostenido con el apoyo del Programa Cacao de la Carrera de Ingeniería Agroforestal de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima - Perú.
Theobroma cacao-The Food of the Gods, provides the raw material for the multibillion dollar chocolate industry and is also the main source of income for about 6 million smallholders around the world. Additionally, cocoa beans have a number of other nonfood uses in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Specifically, the potential health benefits of cocoa have received increasing attention as it is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. At present, the demand for cocoa and cocoa-based products in Asia is growing particularly rapidly and chocolate manufacturers are increasing investment in this region. However, in many Asian countries, cocoa production is hampered due to many reasons including technological, political and socio-economic issues. This review provides an overview of the present status of global cocoa production and recent advances in biotechnological applications for cacao improvement, with special emphasis on genetics/genomics, in vitro embryogenesis and genetic transformation. In addition, in order to obtain an insight into the latest innovations in the commercial sector, a survey was conducted on granted patents relating to T. cacao biotechnology.
Keywords: Theobroma cacao; breeding; chocolate; genetics; genomics; somatic embryogenesis; transformation.
=======================================
Blog Investiga Innova Cacao Chocolate, creado por los actores de la Cadena de Cacao y Chocolate, ahora sostenido con el apoyo del Programa Cacao de la Carrera de Ingeniería Agroforestal de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima - Perú.
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